The car battery is an essential component that provides the energy needed to start the engine and power the car's various electrical systems when the engine isn't running. Here's a detailed description:

1. Main function :

• Starting the engine : The battery provides energy for the starter motor, which allows the car engine to start.
• Powering Electrical Systems : Once the engine is running, the battery continues to provide energy to power the headlights, infotainment system, air conditioning, electronic fuel injection system, and other electrical devices, especially when the engine is idling and not generating enough power.

2. Composition :

The car battery is usually a lead-acid battery . This consists of:

• Lead plates immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid (electrolyte).
• Positive plates : Made of lead oxide (PbO2).
• Negative plates : Made of lead (Pb).

The interaction between the plates and the acid produces a chemical reaction that generates electrical energy.

3. Capacity and Voltage :

• Standard automotive batteries have a voltage of 12 volts .
• The capacity of a battery is measured in Ah (Amp-hours) . For example, a 60 Ah battery can supply 60 amps for an hour, or a lower current for a longer period.

4. Duration :

• A car battery has an average lifespan of 3-5 years , but this can vary depending on factors such as the climate (extreme cold or heat), driving habits and the quality of the battery.

5. Maintenance :

• Periodic check : Check the electrolyte level and battery charge.
• Cleaning the Terminals : Battery terminals can develop corrosion, so it is important to keep them clean.
• Checking the charge : The battery must be charged, as a car that is not used often or that travels short distances may not charge the battery sufficiently.

6. Types of car batteries :

• Lead-acid batteries : These are the most common, economical and widespread.
• Gel or AGM batteries : They offer longer life and better performance in deep discharge conditions, more resistant to shocks.
• Lithium batteries : These are less common in traditional cars, but increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs).