Motorcycle engine oil is essential for ensuring proper engine operation and longevity. Depending on the type of motorcycle engine (2-stroke or 4-stroke), the choice of oil will vary, as will its viscosity and formula (mineral, synthetic, or semi-synthetic). Here's a comprehensive overview of how to choose and use motorcycle engine oil:

1. 4-Stroke Motorcycle Oil

Four-stroke motorcycles are those with engines that perform the ignition cycle in four phases (intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust). These engines are more complex than two-stroke engines and require a specific oil to lubricate the internal parts without contaminating the fuel.

Characteristics of 4-stroke oil

• Separate lubrication : Unlike 2-stroke engines, 4-stroke engines have a lubrication system separate from the fuel system. Oil is used to lubricate the engine's moving parts, such as pistons, valves, and camshafts.
• Viscosity : 4-stroke motorcycle oil has a viscosity that must be selected based on the operating temperature and engine specifications. Oil viscosity is expressed with codes such as 10W-40 , 15W-50 , etc., where the first number (before the "W") represents the low-temperature viscosity, while the second number indicates the high-temperature viscosity.
• 10W-40 Oil : Ideal for moderate temperatures, suitable for daily use.
• 20W-50 Oil : Used for high heat conditions or high performance motorcycles, such as racing or touring bikes.
• Multi-viscosity oil : Multi-viscosity oils, such as 10W-40 or 15W-50 , are designed to operate across a wide temperature range, offering optimal performance in both cold and hot conditions.

Types of 4-Stroke Motorcycle Oil

• Mineral oil : Cheaper, but less resistant to high temperatures. It's suitable for older motorcycles or for less intensive use.
• Semi-synthetic oil : This oil blends mineral and synthetic components, offering a good balance between performance and cost. It's suitable for modern motorcycles and everyday use.
• Synthetic oil : This is the most advanced type of oil, designed to withstand high temperatures and reduce engine wear. It is ideal for racing motorcycles, high-performance bikes, and anyone seeking long life and optimal performance.

2. 2-Stroke Motorcycle Oil

Two-stroke motorcycles, on the other hand, have a simpler engine that mixes oil directly with fuel to lubricate moving parts. Choosing the right oil for your two-stroke motorcycle is very important to avoid engine damage and ensure optimal performance.

Characteristics of 2-stroke oil

• Mixture Oil : Oil is mixed directly with gasoline, creating a mixture that lubricates the engine during the combustion cycle.
• Mixing ratio : The oil/fuel mixing ratio varies depending on the motorcycle's specifications, but the most common ratios are 1:50 or 1:32. For example, for a ratio of 1:50 , you would mix 1 part oil for every 50 parts gasoline.
• Synthetic or semi-synthetic oil : Synthetic or semi-synthetic 2-stroke oils are cleaner and more efficient, reduce smoke emissions, and improve engine protection. Mineral oils are cheaper but tend to produce more smoke and residue.

3. Motorcycle Oil Viscosity

Viscosity is a key parameter to consider when choosing oil. Viscosity refers to the oil's resistance to flow and affects how the oil behaves at high and low temperatures.

• Low viscosity oil (10W-30, 10W-40) : These oils are thinner at low temperatures, allowing for quicker, smoother lubrication upon startup, but may not be ideal for very hot climates.
• High viscosity oil (20W-50, 15W-60) : These oils are thicker and offer better protection at high temperatures, but may be less effective in cold climates.

4. Types of Motorcycle Engine Oil

• Street (Touring) Motorcycle Oil : These oils are formulated to offer good long-term protection during long rides and at moderate speeds.
• Racing Motorcycle Oil : Racing motorcycle oils are designed for high performance, resistance to extreme temperatures, and reduced engine wear during heavy use. Synthetic oils are generally preferred for racing motorcycles.
• Off-Road Motorcycle Oil : Off-road motorcycle oils must provide excellent protection against dust and dirt, as well as perform well at varying temperatures.

5. When to Change Your Motorcycle's Engine Oil

• 4-stroke motorcycles : Generally, the oil should be changed every 5,000-10,000 km, or once a year, depending on the manufacturer's instructions. If you use your motorcycle in particularly harsh conditions (for example, for racing or off-road use), you may need to change it more frequently.
• 2-stroke motorcycles : Since the oil is mixed directly with the fuel, it is necessary to regularly check the quality of the mixture and replace the oil by mixture according to the frequency of fuel changes.